A Brief History of Graphite Electrode Development -- Graphitization Furnace
Oct 18,2024
石墨电极发展简史你知道吗?株洲金瑞在这里做个简单介绍
Graphite electrodes as early as 1810 Hanfley? Davy (Humphry Davy) used charcoal to make carbon electrode which can generate electric arc after electrification, which opened up a broad prospect of using carbon material as high-temperature conductive electrode. In 1846, Stair and Edwards mixed coke powder and sucrose, pressed and molded, and roasted at high temperature to produce another kind of carbon electrode, and then immersed this kind of carbon electrode in thick sugar water to increase its volume density, they obtained a patent for the production of this electrode. In 1877, Cleveland (Cleveland) of the United States (C.F.Brush) and Lauren (w.H.Lawrence) successfully developed low ash carbon electrodes using calcined petroleum coke. In 1899, O.G.Pritchard first reported the method of manufacturing natural graphite electrode with Ceylon natural graphite as raw material. Ordinary power graphite electrode in 1896 Kastner (H.Y.Gastner) obtained the use of electricity to the carbon electrode directly electrified heating to high temperature, and the production of artificial graphite electrode with better performance than natural graphite electrode patent. In 1897, Acheson (E.G. Acheson) of Carborundum Emery Company (U. S.) manufactured the first batch of artificial graphite electrodes with petroleum coke as raw material in the resistance furnace for the production of emery, with a product gauge of 22mm × 32 mmX380mm. This artificial graphite electrode was then used for the electrochemical industrial production of caustic soda, on this basis, the design of the "Acheson" graphitization furnace will be produced by the carbon electrode of petroleum coke and a small amount of resistance material (metallurgical coke particles) to form a "furnace core resistance", after the electricity generated high temperature, so that the carbon electrode made of petroleum coke at high temperature "graphitization" to obtain artificial graphite electrode. At the end of the 19th century, the French Eru (P.L.T.Heroult) invented the direct electric arc furnace and began to be used for smelting calcium carbide and ferroalloy production. It was first used for steelmaking in 1899. Graphite electrode electric arc furnace requires a certain number of high temperature resistant conductive electrodes. Although Acheson Graphite Company (Acheson Graphite Co.) sold connectable electrodes around 1900, it could only produce small-size graphite electrodes. In the early 20th century, electric furnace steelmaking mainly used carbon electrodes with anthracite as raw material or natural graphite electrodes with natural graphite as raw material. The process of producing carbon electrodes or natural graphite electrodes is relatively simple. In 1910, carbon electrodes with a diameter of 610mm were supplied to the market. However, the excellent performance of graphite electrodes and the continuous improvement of the manufacturing process, the mass production and price of large-scale graphite electrodes continue to decline, the electric furnace steelmaking industry gradually switched to graphite electrodes, and the use of carbon electrodes or natural graphite electrodes gradually decreased. After the 1960 s, most electric arc steelmaking furnaces used graphite electrodes. The maximum diameter of graphite electrodes made from 1914 to 1918 was only 356mm. In 1924, graphite electrodes with a diameter of 406mm were produced. In 1930, it was expanded to 457mm, in 1937 it was increased to 508mm, and soon large-scale graphite electrodes with diameters of 559mm, 610mm, 660mm, 711mm and 762mm were produced. In the 1980 s, the world's largest electric arc steelmaking furnace used graphite electrodes with a diameter of 813mm. After the Second World War, the quality of raw materials, equipment and manufacturing process for the production of graphite electrodes have been continuously improved. With the continuous improvement of electric power input for electric furnace steelmaking, high power and ultra-high power graphite electrodes were successfully developed in the 1960 s and 1970 s. Due to the continuous improvement of graphite electrode quality and the improvement of electric furnace steelmaking process, the graphite electrode consumption per ton of electric furnace steel has been reduced from 6~8kg in the 1970 s to 4~6kg in the 1980 s (ordinary power electric furnace), and the electrode consumption per ton of steel in large electric furnace using ultra-high power graphite electrode has been reduced to about 2.5kg, however, the consumption of graphite electrode per ton of steel in ultra-high power DC arc furnace (only one graphite electrode) can be reduced to about 1.5kg. At the end of the 1980 s, the tonnage of most electric furnaces in the electric furnace steelmaking industry in developed countries in the world has increased to 80~200t, so a large number of high-power or ultra-high-power graphite electrodes with a diameter of 550~750mm are used. (article source network, if there is a need to contact the station master.)
株洲金瑞专业生产石墨化炉、碳化炉、烧结炉。
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