Graphene developed kilowatt aluminum air battery!
Oct 18,2024
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With the continuous development and demand of smart grid, mobile communications, electric vehicles, and emergency relief, there is an urgent need to develop new chemical power sources with high energy, low cost, small size and long life. A metal-air battery (also known as a metal fuel cell) is a chemical power source that directly converts the chemical energy of a metal material into electrical energy. Metal-air batteries have the advantages of high energy density, low price, abundant resources, green and pollution-free, long discharge life, safety and environmental protection, and have been included in the 13th five-year National Strategic emerging Industry Development Plan. At the same time, it has also been included in the Energy Technology Revolution Innovation Action Plan (2016-2030) by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Energy Administration.
Comparison of Electrochemical Performance of Graphene-based Cathode and regular Cathode
Only in the communication base station backup power market, according to incomplete statistics, the number of China's communication base stations in 2016 is nearly 6 million. Traditional communication base stations generally use large-capacity lead-acid batteries and diesel generators as backup power systems. At present, there are more than 1000 million lead-acid batteries in use, with large volume and mass. They are replaced every 3-4 years and have a short service life. However, the metal-air battery has the advantages of high specific energy density (the system can reach more than 400Wh/Kg), long storage time (about 15 years), long standby time (30~50 hours) and wide temperature range (-20~60 ℃), which is an excellent alternative to replace the lead-acid backup power supply of communication base station. In addition, the energy density of metal-air batteries is as high as 800Wh/Kg, which is more than 4 times that of current commercial lithium-ion power batteries. It also has attractive market prospects in the application of electric vehicle range extender.
However, the development of metal-air battery industry still faces many technical bottlenecks, which affects its application and promotion. There are four reasons: first, the catalytic activity of the oxygen reduction catalyst currently developed and applied is not high enough, and the electrode power density needs to be improved; Second, the polarization resistance of the air cathode with regular structure is large, which makes it difficult to meet the high power output. Third, the metal anode has serious self-corrosion, resulting in low anode utilization rate. Fourth, the battery system is thermally out of control, which prevents the battery system from working for a long time.
1000W aluminum air battery power generation system
Since 2013, the Power Lithium Battery Engineering Laboratory of Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences has deployed metal-air battery research. The research team has made a series of progress in graphene composite catalyst, new structure air cathode, metal anode alloying, single cell preparation process, etc. Among them, graphene composite manganese-based oxide catalyst and new graphene-based high-efficiency air cathode have increased the power density of single cell by 25%, greatly improve the overall performance of metal air batteries.
Adhering to the research concept of "materials should be made into materials, materials should be made into materials, and devices should be used well", the research team has also conducted in-depth research on battery design and system integration technology, and successfully developed a magnesium-air battery power generation system with energy density of 400Wh/Kg, capacity of 3KWh and output power of 300W in 2015. Recently, the research team has successfully developed a kilowatt-level aluminum-air battery power generation system based on graphene air cathode. The energy density of the battery system is as high as 510Wh/Kg, the capacity is 20KWh, and the output power is 1000W. The actual demonstration shows that the battery system can supply power for a TV, a computer, an electric fan and 10 60W lighting bulbs at the same time, and the power generation and power supply capacity of the aluminum air battery system is preliminarily verified. It is reported that the research team is actively designing and developing a 5KW high-power aluminum air battery system for communication base station backup power and electric vehicle range extender.
The research team has published more than 10 SCI papers and applied for more than 20 invention patents around the research of metal-air batteries, and has the ability to prepare key materials and components, single cells and modular battery stacks for small tests, preparing to promote the industrialization of metal-air batteries in the near future.
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