Advanced ceramic materials have the characteristics of high modulus, high hardness, wear resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, erosion resistance, biocompatibility, excellent electrical insulation, light transmission and wave transmission that metals and polymer materials do not have. As a result, it has been more and more applied in the fields of aerospace, national defense and military industry, mechanical and chemical industry, biomedical, information electronics, nuclear power and new energy, and has basically maintained an annual growth rate of 7-10% in recent years.
In the past two decades, the international community has paid special attention to the research and development and industrialization of advanced ceramic materials. Many countries have formulated a series of research and development plans for advanced ceramic materials. Through the two-wheel drive of industry-university-research combination and market traction, they have made great progress in nano-ceramics, wave-transparent ceramics, laser ceramics, ultra-high temperature ceramics, ceramic matrix composites, bioceramics, environmental protection ceramics, electronic and optical communication ceramics, and semiconductor chip packaging ceramics, and obtained the successful application.
In this market, mature production technology and advanced production equipment are in the hands of a few countries or regions. Although China has developed rapidly in the field of advanced ceramics, there is still a big gap between China and foreign countries in the research and development and industrialization of ceramics, especially in high-end powder and advanced production equipment.
So, who is the strongest overlord of the global advanced ceramic industry?
EU has obvious advantages in the field of functional ceramics. The main research is the new material technology in the field of power generation equipment, such as exhaust pipe lining, turbocharger rotor structure, ceramic piston, gas turbine rotor and so on. For example, Germany invented a ceramic capacitor for unsecured applications. In these applications, the capacitor is usually permanently connected to the positive pole. The series connection of the capacitor can reduce the risk of switching without further safety measures, so it is suitable for the design of existing user products.
Large European companies producing advanced ceramics include France's Saint-Gobain (Saint-Gobain) Company, Germany's Serangtec Company (CeramTec) and Britain's Morgan Company (Morgan). In addition, Germany also has a number of professional small and medium-sized ceramic raw materials companies such as Starck Company and sintering equipment companies such as FCT Company.
Saint-Gobain is one of the world's top 100 companies and a pioneer in industrial engineering materials in the world. The annual sales revenue exceeds US $30 billion, of which high-performance ceramic materials account for more than 15%. At present, Saint-Gobain has acquired the famous Carborundum and Norton ceramics companies in the United States.
CaramTec is Germany's largest technical ceramics company, which produces all kinds of advanced ceramic materials for modern industrial and biomedical applications.
Morgan is a medium-sized British company with carbon materials and structural ceramics as its main products, and has set up more than 160 production plants in more than 60 countries.
The Sixth EU Framework Program supports a wide range of multi-field research, some of which are specifically aimed at advanced preparation technologies for high-performance ceramics and their composites, especially in France, the United Kingdom, and Germany, which have strengthened ceramic matrix composites and ultra-high temperature ceramic materials with aerospace applications. For example, Germany has developed pulse current sintering equipment that can continuously sinter large dense high-temperature ceramic components.
US leads in structural ceramics. In the United States, structural ceramics production is growing at the fastest rate, increasing by about 15% per year. Among them, medical equipment, automobiles, aircraft, nuclear engineering, aerospace technology, medical equipment, mechanical power and other fields are currently widely distributed in the United States structural ceramics.Si
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It is the main structural ceramic precision material at present.. Among them, the production of structural ceramic products accounts for the vast majority of the world's total output share. Moreover, the United States-made high-temperature ceramics, its working temperature as high as 1300 ℃, its working strength to reach more than 6 times the ordinary high-temperature metal.
Beginning in 2000, the U.S. Department of Energy and the American Ceramic Association jointly funded and implemented a 20-year U.S. Advanced Ceramics Development Program.This plan organically combines basic research, technology development and product application to jointly promote the development of preparation technology for advanced ceramic materials, including laser transparent ceramic materials for national defense and wave-transparent ceramic materials for missile guidance.
In addition, based on the needs of the development of aerospace technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is implementing a large-scale research and development plan in the development and preparation technology of high-temperature structural ceramics, focusing on the preparation technology of high-temperature ceramic matrix composites. The goal is to increase the operating temperature of the hot end components of the engine to 1650°C or higher. At present, the United States has made new ceramic materials such as nano-ceramic technology, ceramic armor, environmental protection ceramics, nuclear power ceramics, transparent wave ceramics and other preparation technology as a priority development direction, and has made significant progress.
On the other hand, although the United States is the largest producer of structural ceramics, it is also the largest consumer market for structural ceramics. Therefore, many ceramic products have to be imported from Europe and Japan. In the United States, manufacturers of structural ceramics include Koustek and Corning. As a leading supplier of high-tech ceramics in the U.S. market, Kustek's main business is the production of ceramic substrates for various semiconductor industries, electric vacuum ceramics, precision ceramic parts, and ceramic parts for semiconductor equipment. Founded in 1851, Corning is a major supplier of wafer ceramics, optoelectronic materials, high-performance special glass, glass fiber, optical cables, and automobile exhaust filters. Its honeycomb ceramic technology and production are in a world leading position.
Japan is a leader in the field of high toughness ceramics and electronic ceramics. Currently, the global advanced ceramic components market is dominated by Japanese manufacturers. All kinds of advanced ceramic products, including thermal sensors, pressure sensors, magnetic sensors, gas sensors, optical sensors, etc., Japan occupies the majority of the market. Japan is in a leading position in the research and development of new superplastic ceramics, plastic ceramics, and ceramic engines.
Based on the development of high-tech ceramics and precision ceramic elements, Japan has accumulated some special ceramic production methods through the research and development of ceramic scissors, ceramic scalpels, ceramic scales, ceramic heaters, artificial ceramic binders, ceramic ballpoint pens and other heating elements and daily products.
For example, Kyocera's global business involves raw materials, parts, equipment, machinery, as well as services, networks and other fields. Kyocera began as a manufacturer of technical ceramics. Today, most of Kyocera's products are related to telecommunications. It manufactures downstream products related to high-performance ceramic materials, including wireless mobile phones and network equipment, semiconductor components, RF and microwave product suit, passive electronic components, crystal oscillators and connectors, and optoelectronic products used in optoelectronic communication networks.
NGK mainly produces ceramic spark plugs and high quality ceramics for automobile engines, including wear-resistant parts, ultrasonic transducers and sensors, semiconductor manufacturing equipment products, electrical equipment products and other ceramic products. It has been committed to developing products with excellent environmental efficiency and contributing to the new automobile society pursued by the world.
From the perspective of the development and production of structural ceramic products, Toshiba is in a leading position. The sensitive components in its semiconductor production mainly use materials such as alumina, silicon nitride, zirconia, and silicon carbide.
In addition, Japan in ceramic powder (such as ZrO2›Si3N4 、AlON、Nd：YAG、BaTiO3) Synthesis has a strong voice, which is also the confidence of their advanced ceramic industry to take pride in the world.
[1] Zheng Sihua, Sun Sida. Evaluation and Strategic Research on the Development of High-tech Ceramic Industry
[2] Xie Zhipeng, etc. Development Status of International Advanced Structural Ceramics R & D and Industrial Application
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